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Upper Limb and Hand Pathology

Nerve compression syndrome

OVERVIEW

Nerve Compression Syndrome, also known as entrapment neuropathy, refers to a condition where a nerve is pressed or squeezed by surrounding tissues, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness. This compression can occur at various points along the nerve pathway and may affect different nerves throughout the body.

Types of nerve compression syndrome:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, often associated with repetitive hand and wrist movements.
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, causing tingling and weakness in the hand.

Causes of nerve compression syndrome

  • Repetitive movements: Continuous, repetitive motions can lead to increased pressure on nerves, causing compression.
  • Injury or trauma: Accidents or injuries may result in direct pressure on nerves, leading to compression.
  • Anatomic variations: Some individuals may have natural variations in their anatomy that predispose them to nerve compression.
  • Medical conditions: Conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, and obesity can contribute to nerve compression.
SYMPTOMS
The symptoms of nerve compression syndrome can vary depending on the affected nerve and its location. Common symptoms include:
  • Pain: Persistent or intermittent pain along the nerve pathway.
  • Numbness and tingling: Sensations of numbness, tingling, or a "pins and needles" feeling.
  • Weakness: Reduced strength and control in the affected area.
  • Radiating pain: Pain that travels along the nerve pathway.
TREATMENT
Dr Jason du Plessis employs a comprehensive approach to treat nerve compression syndrome, considering the unique needs of each patient. Treatment options may include:

Conservative treatment:
  • Physical therapy: Targeted exercises to alleviate compression and strengthen supporting muscles.
  • Bracing or splinting: Immobilisation to reduce pressure on the affected nerve.
  • Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs or pain relievers to manage symptoms.
SURGERY
  • Release procedures: Surgical techniques to relieve pressure on the affected nerve, such as carpal tunnel release.
  • Nerve transposition: Repositioning the affected nerve to reduce compression.

FAQ

Is nerve compression syndrome preventable?
While some factors leading to nerve compression may be unavoidable, preventive measures include maintaining good posture, avoiding repetitive motions, and addressing underlying health conditions that may contribute to nerve compression.
How long is the recovery after surgery for nerve compression syndrome?
Recovery varies depending on the type of surgery and individual factors. Patients may experience improvement shortly after surgery, but complete recovery and return to normal activities may take several weeks to months as the damaged nerve tries to regenerate.
Are there any risks associated with surgery for nerve compression syndrome?
As with any surgery, there are potential risks, including infection, bleeding, and nerve damage. Dr Jason du Plessis thoroughly discusses these risks with patients before any surgical intervention and takes all necessary precautions to minimise them.

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    PUBLICATIONS

    Assessment of the Reliability and Reproducibility of the Langenskiöld
    Classification in Blount’s Disease

    DU PLESSIS J, Firth GB, Robertson A. Assessment of the reliability and reproducibility of the Langenskiöld classification in Blount's disease. Journal of Pediatric orthopedics. Part B. 2019 Nov 12.

     

    The Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on orthopaedic trauma admissions in a central academic hospital in Johannesburg

    Foster M, Du Plessis J, Jansen van Vuuren M, Jingo M, Pietrzak JR. The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on orthopaedic trauma admissions in a central academic hospital in Johannesburg. SA Orthopaedic Journal. 2022;21(2):70-5.

    Short term results following two stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection

    DU PLESSIS, J et al. Short-term results following two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection. South African Orthopaedic Journal, [S.l.], v. 19, n. 2, p. 64-69, may 2020

     

    Comparison of visual estimations of distal radius fracture radiographic parameters between different levels of orthopaedic doctors.

    Naidoo V, Milner B, du Plessis J. SA Orthop J. 2025;24(1):26-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2025/v24n1a4